UMUNSI WA NOHELI UTWIBUTSA IKI ?

Dr. Havugimana Alexis

Umunsi wa Noheli ni umwe mu minsi mikuru yizihizwa ku isi hose, cyane cyane mu bayoboke b’idini ya Gikristo. Ariko Noheli ntigarukira gusa ku rwego rw’idini; ifite n’icyo isobanura mu mateka, mu muco, no mu mibereho rusange y’abantu. Iyi paper y’ubushakashatsi igamije gusobanura icyo Umunsi wa Noheli utwibutsa, ishingiye ku mateka y’ivuka rya Yezu Kristu, uko wizihizwa mu bihe bitandukanye, n’amasomo y’indangagaciro n’ubumuntu utwigisha.

1. Ibisobanuro bya Noheli:

Noheli ni umunsi abakristo bizihizaho ivuka rya Yesu Kristo, Umucunguzi w’abantu. Ni igihe cyo kuzirikana urukundo rw’Imana rwigaragaje ubwo yohereje Umwana wayo ku isi kugira ngo aducungure.

2. Amateka ya Noheli:

– Noheli ni izina rituruka ku ijambo ry’Igifaransa ’Noël’ naryo ryaturutse ku ijambo ry’Ikilatini ‘Natalis’ bisobanuye Ukuvuka.

– Mu Cyongereza, iri jambo ni inyunge rigizwe na “Christ” na “Mass”, aho rikomoka ku cyongereza cya kera “Christemass” nabyo biva ku cya kera cyane “Cristes mæsse”, rikaba rikomoka mu Kigereki n’Ikilatini, aho “Cristes” bikomoka ku Kigereki “Christos” na”mæsse” rikava ku Kilatini “missa”

Abashakashatsi batandukanye bagaragaje ibitekerezo binyuranye ku mpamvu Noheli yizihizwa ku itariki ya 25 Ukuboza, cyane cyane hashingiwe ku mateka ya Kiliziya, imigenzo ya gipagani, n’imibare y’inyenyeri.

Mu 1743, Umudage w’Umuprotestani Paul Ernst Jablonski yatanze igitekerezo kivuga ko itariki ya Noheli yashyizweho ku wa 25 Ukuboza mu rwego rwo kuyihuza n’umunsi w’Abaromani wo kwizihiza izuba uzwi nka Dies Natalis Solis Invicti (Umunsi w’ivuka ry’Izuba Ridatsindwa). Jablonski yemeje ko Abaromani bafataga izuba nk’inkomoko y’ubuzima n’agakiza, bityo ko Kiliziya ya mbere yaba yarashatse gusimbuza uwo munsi wa gipagani umunsi wa gikirisitu hagamijwe koroshya iyobokamana ry’abahindukiraga ubukirisitu.

Nyuma yaho, mu 1889, umuhanga mu mateka ya Kiliziya Louis Duchesne yatanze igitekerezo gishingiye ku mibare ya liturujiya. Yavuze ko itariki ya Noheli yatoranyijwe hakurikijwe kubara amezi icyenda uhereye ku wa 25 Werurwe, umunsi Kiliziya Gatolika yizihizaho Isamwa rya Yezu Kristu (Annunciation). Dukurikije iyo mibare, kuvuka kwa Yezu kwahuriraga ku wa 25 Ukuboza. Iki gitekerezo gishyigikira imyumvire yari isanzwe muri Kiliziya ya mbere y’uko ubuzima bwa Kristu bwari butangiye ku munsi w’isamwa rye.

Ku rundi ruhande, Isaac Newton, nubwo azwi cyane nk’umuhanga mu mibare na siyansi, yatanze igitekerezo ku itariki ya Noheli ashingiye ku bumenyi bw’inyenyeri (astronomy). Newton yagaragaje ko iminsi mikuru yo mu bihe bya kera yagenderaga ku mboneko z’ukwezi no ku ihindagurika ry’ibihe by’ikirere, by’umwihariko imboneko y’ukwezi yabanzirizaga itumba (winter solstice). Yemeje ko iyo mibare yatumaga imihango myinshi ihurirana n’itariki ya 25 Ukuboza, bityo ashingiye kuri ibyo, avuga ko Noheli ishobora kuba ifite inkomoko mu mihango ya gipagani yakurikiwe na Kiliziya mu gihe cyakurikiyeho.

Muri rusange, ibi bitekerezo bitandukanye bigaragaza ko itariki ya Noheli itashingiye ku gihamya gihamye cy’itariki nyakuri y’ivuka rya Yezu, ahubwo ko yatoranyijwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu z’iyobokamana, liturujiya, n’umuco w’ibihe Kiliziya ya mbere yanyuragamo.

Ese kubera iki Noheli yizihizwa kuwa 25 Ukuboza buri mwaka kdi Yesu /Yezu atariho yavutse ?

abahanga bagaragaza ko Yesu atavutse kuri iyi tariki kubera ko umunsi wa Noheli ngo waba waremejwe kugira ngo uhurirane n’imboneko z’ukwezi kwa mbere kw’itumba (winter solstice) kuko abaromani bawizihizaga ku itariki 25 Ukuboza buri mwaka.

Byaturutse ku munsi wizihizwaga mu muco w’Abaromani witwaga ‘Dies Natalis Solis Invicti’, bivuze izuka ry’izuba ridatsindwa”.

Mu gihe cy’ubukonje abantu basengaga izuba ubwo bari batarasobanukirwa Imana, bafataga Izuba nk’igitangaza kuko ryatumaga basubirana ubuzima bakava mu gihe cy’ubukonje. Icyo gihe Umwami witwaga OLoriane yahisemo kwegeranya iyo minsi yose kugira ngo yizihirizwe rimwe, bafata itariki 25 Ukuboza”.

-Abanditsi bamwe berekana ko  Noheli yizihijwe bwa mbere nk’umunsi w’ivuka rya Yezu kuri 25 Ukuboza umwaka wa 354. Ibi bisobanurwa neza mu nyandiko yiswe (Chronography of 354), ikaba ari imwe mu nyandiko zarokotse zandikiwe i Roma muri 354 nyuma ya Yesu/ Yezu. Iyo nyandiko igaragaza urutonde rw’iminsi mikuru ya gikirisitu, aho ivuga ivuka rya Kristu ku wa 25 Ukuboza (VIII Kal. Jan.).

– Ibirori bya Noheli byatangiye kwizihizwa n’abakristo kuva mu kinyejana cya 4, aho tariki ya 25 Ukuboza yatoranyijwe nk’umunsi wo kwibuka ivuka rya Kristo, nubwo itariki nyakuri y’amavuko ye itazwi neza. 

– Byashyizwe ku wa 25 Ukuboza kugira ngo bihuze n’ibihe by’itangira ry’urumuri (mu mpeshyi y’uburengerazuba bw’isi), bigaragaza ko Yesu ari “urumuri rw’isi.” (Yohana 8:12)

Ese ibihugu byose byizihiza Noheli ? Oya, *si ibihugu byose* byizihiza Noheli.

• Ibihugu byinshi by’abakristo* (by’umwihariko iby’Abakatolika n’Abaporotesitanti) bizihiza Noheli ku itariki ya 25 Ukuboza buri mwaka.

Aha harimo ibihugu nka: 

– Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika 

– Ubufaransa 

– Ubutaliyani 

– U Bwongereza 

– U Rwanda 

– Kenya, n’ibindi byinshi

• *Ibihugu byiganjemo abayisilamu* benshi (nk’Afurika y’Amajyaruguru, Abarabu n’Aziya y’Amajyepfo) *ntibizihiza Noheli nk’umunsi w’ikiruhuko rusange*.

Urugero: 

– Arabiya Sawudite 

– Irani 

– Afghanistan 

– Somalia 

– Maldives 

*Ariko bamwe mu Bakristo bahatuye bayizihiza mu buryo bwabo bwite.*

• *Ibihugu bifite ubwigenge bw’amadini* (nko mu Bushinwa, Koreya ya Ruguru) – Noheli ntiyemerwa nk’umunsi w’idini cyangwa ntisanzwe yemewe mu mico.

Noheli ni umunsi w’ingenzi mu mico ya gikirisitu, ariko *si umunsi mpuzamahanga wemewe n’amategeko mu bihugu byose.*

3.Ese Père Noël ni muntu ki?

Père Noël akomoka ku mateka y’umugabo w’ukuri witwaga Nicolas de Myre (cyangwa Nicolas de Bari), wabayeho hagati y’umwaka wa 270 na 343 nyuma ya Yezu Kristu. Yakomokaga mu gihugu kizwi uyu munsi nka Turukiya (Turquie), mu mujyi wa Patara, akorera ubutumwa bwe muri Myre (ubu ni Demre).

Nicolas yari umukristu wiyeguriye Imana, akaba yarabaye Umusenyeri wa Myre. Yamenyekanye cyane kubera ibikorwa by’urukundo n’impuhwe, by’umwihariko akunda:

• Abana,
• Abapfakazi,
• Abakene n’abatishoboye.

Mu mibereho ye, Nicolas yakundaga gufasha abantu mu ibanga, akabaha impano zitandukanye zirimo amafaranga, imyambaro, n’ibiribwa. Abana yabahaga cyane cyane imyambaro yo kubarinda ubukonje, ari na ho havuye ishusho yo kumubona yambaye imyenda itukura ivanze n’umweru, hamwe n’ingofero.

Mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bw’Umwami Dioclétien, Abakristu bararenganyijwe bikomeye: benshi baricwa, abandi bajyanwa muri gereza. Nicolas na we yarafunzwe azira ukwemera kwe.
Mu mwaka wa 313, Umwami Constantin yategetse ko Abakristu bose bari bafunzwe barekurwa, Nicolas arabohozwa asubira mu bikorwa bye byiza byo gufasha abatishoboye.

Kubera ibyiza byinshi yakoze akiri ku isi, Kiliziya yamushyize mu batagatifu. Mutagatifu Nicolas yizihizwa tariki ya 6 Ukuboza buri mwaka.

Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe by’i Burayi, ababyeyi batangiye umuco wo guha abana impano ku munsi mukuru wa Mutagatifu Nicolas, bazihisha bakababwira ko Mutagatifu Nicolas ari we wazibahaye. Uwo muco waje kwiyongera no kwimurirwa ku munsi mukuru wa Noheli (25 Ukuboza).

Uko imyaka yagiye ihita, ishusho ya Mutagatifu Nicolas yahindutse Père Noël tumenyereye uyu munsi: umugabo wishimye, wambaye umutuku, uzana impano ku bana, cyane cyane mu muco wo mu Burayi no muri Amerika.

4. Noheli itwibutsa iki?

*Noheli itwibutsa iki?*

*Noheli* (Christmas) ni umunsi wizihizwaho *ivuka rya Yesu Kristo*, Umukiza w’abari mu isi, nk’uko Bibiliya ibivuga. Ni umunsi w’ibyishimo, wo gusubiza amaso inyuma no gushima Imana ku rukundo yagaragaje yohereza Umwana wayo ngo aducungure.

Dore ibintu 5 Noheli itwibutsa:

1. *Urukundo rw’Imana ku bantu bose*

   – *”Kuko Imana yakunze abari mu isi cyane, byatumye itanga Umwana wayo w’ikinege…”* 

   — Yohana 3:16

2. *Ubwiyoroshye bwa Yesu n’isomo ry’ubusabane*

   – Yesu yavukiye mu kiraro, mu buzima bworoheje, atwigisha kwiyoroshya. 

   — Luka 2:7

3. *Ubusabane n’abandi*

   – Noheli itwibutsa gusangira, gukundana no gufasha abatishoboye, nk’uko Imana yaduhaye impano ikomeye.

4. *Ibyiringiro no gutangira ubuzima bushya*

   – Yesu ni “urumuri rw’isi”, yaje kugira ngo duhabwe agakiza. 

   — Yohana 8:12

5. *Ubwuzu n’ibyishimo*

   – *”Ntacyo mutinya, dore mbabwiye inkuru nziza y’ibyishimo bikomeye…”* 

   — Luka 2:10

Noheli si umunsi w’imyidagaduro gusa, ahubwo ni umwanya wo *kwibuka impano Imana yaduhaye*, tukongera kwiyegurira kuba mu rukundo, amahoro no kwizera.

– Urukundo rw’Imana rwatumye itanga Umwana wayo. (Yohana 3:16) 

– Ubwiyoroshye bwa Yesu, wavukiye mu kiraro, atari mu ngoro. 

– Ukwemera kw’abemeye ubutumwa: nka Mariya, Yozefu, n’abashumba. 

– Ubusabane, imbabazi, n’amahoro mu miryango n’amahanga. 

– Gutanga n’ubugiraneza, kuko Imana yatwitanzeho mbere.

Noheli ni umwanya wo kongera kwibuka ishingiro ry’ukwemera kwacu, tukarushaho gukunda, kubabarira no gukorera Imana.

— Dr. Havugimana Alexis

• “Noheli ni urukundo rw’Imana rugaragarira mu mutima w’abayizihiza.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Ivuka rya Yesu ritwibutsa ko urumuri rutangira mu mwijima w’isi.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Gutanga no gusangira ni ishingiro rya Noheli, kuko Imana yatanze impano yayo ikomeye kuruta izindi zose.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Noheli ni igihe cyo kwibuka ko urukundo rudashingiye ku kintu, ahubwo ku mutima.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Ubwiyoroshye bwa Yesu butwigisha ko iby’ingenzi atari iby’ubutunzi, ahubwo ari iby’umutima.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Gutangira umwaka mushya bisaba ibyiringiro, kandi Noheli itwigisha kwishyira mu nzira y’ubuzima bushya.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Umunsi wa Noheli utwibutsa ko imbabazi no gukundana bigira agaciro kurusha byose.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Urukundo rw’Imana rugaragara mu buzima bw’abana, abatishoboye, n’abapfakazi; Noheli ni umwanya wo gukurikira uwo murongo.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Noheli si ibyishimo gusa, ahubwo ni umwanya wo gusubiza amaso inyuma no gushima Imana.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Ubwuzu n’ibyishimo bya Noheli byuzura imitima yacu iyo dusangiye n’abandi.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Nk’uko Père Noël atuzanira impano, Noheli itwibutsa ko ibyiza by’ukuri biva ku mutima w’urukundo.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Ivuka rya Yesu ni isoko y’umutekano n’ibyiringiro mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Noheli itwigisha ko kwitanga ku bandi ari isomo rikomeye kuruta kwibuka ibidukikije gusa.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis

• “Ubusabane n’urukundo rw’abaturanyi ni ubutunzi budashira bwa Noheli.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Noheli ni umwanya wo kwiyubaka mu rukundo, amahoro, n’ubugiraneza.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Iyo twibuka ivuka rya Yesu, twibuka ko urumuri rudashira rutubera isoko y’ibyishimo n’ibyiringiro.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Gufasha abatishoboye ntibisaba amafaranga menshi, ahubwo bisaba umutima w’urukundo—Noheli ni umwanya mwiza wo kubikora.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Noheli ni isomo ry’ubwiyoroshye, kwihangana, no gukorera abandi tutiteze inyungu.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Ivuka rya Kristo ritwibutsa ko iby’ingenzi mu buzima bidashobora kugurwa, ahubwo bigomba gutangwa ku mutima.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis
• “Noheli ni igihe cyo gusubira mu rukundo rw’Imana, tukarushaho kwiyegurira ibyiza no gutanga imbabazi.” — Dr. Havugimana Alexis