Ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990, u Rwanda rwinjiye mu kindi gice gikomeye cy’amateka yarwo. Ni umunsi uzwi cyane nk’intangiriro y’urugamba rwa RPF-Inkotanyi, ubwo umutwe wa gisirikare wari ishami rya RPF, Rwanda Patriotic Army (RPA), winjiraga mu Rwanda uturutse muri Uganda. Ibyo byabereye cyane ku mupaka wa Kagitumba, mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba bw’igihugu.

Maj Gen Gisa Fred Rwigema ni umwe mu bahurije hamwe ingabo, ayobora urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu mu minsi ya mbere

Kuki 1 Ukwakira yabaye umunsi ukomeye?

Intambwe idasubira inyuma -Bayobowe na Gen Fred Gisa Rwigema

Maj.Gen Fred Gisa Rwigema

Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe n’ibyabaye ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990, tugomba gusubira inyuma. Nyuma y’i 1959, Abanyarwanda benshi, cyane cyane Abatutsi, bagiye mu buhungiro mu bihugu bitandukanye byo mu karere. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, ikibazo cyo gutaha kw’impunzi cyabaye kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bya politiki y’u Rwanda n’akarere.

Mu 1979 hashinzwe Rwandese Alliance for National Unity (RANU) mu mpunzi z’Abanyarwanda, nyuma iza guhinduka Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF) mu 1987. Mu gihe cyakurikiyeho, impaka ku gutaha kw’impunzi no ku buryo igihugu cyayoborwaga zarakomeje, kugeza ubwo RPF ifashe icyemezo cyo gukoresha n’inzira ya gisirikare.

Kagitumba: aho urugamba rwatangiriye.

Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990, ingabo za RPA zambutse umupaka wa Uganda zinjira ku butaka bw’u Rwanda. Amakuru ya RDF agaragaza ko mu ntangiriro z’urugamba RPA yabashije kugera ku bice birimo Kagitumba, Nyagatare na Gabiro, ndetse ifata n’ikigo cya gisirikare cya Gabiro.

Iya 2 ukwakira Maj Gen Fred Gisa Rwigema, Yaguye kurugamba

Ariko urugamba ntirworoheje. Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Maj Gen Fred Gisa Rwigema, wari uyoboye ingabo za RPA mu ntangiriro, ingabo za Leta y’u Rwanda (FAR) zatangiye ibikorwa byo kwisubiza ibice byari byafashwe, bituma RPA ihura n’igihombo gikomeye kandi igahindura uburyo yakoragamo.

Nyuma y’ibyo, urugamba rwahindutse intambara y’igihe kirekire, irimo ibitero bya gisirikare, gusubira inyuma no kongera kwiyubaka, ibiganiro bya politiki n’amasezerano yo guhagarika imirwano. Mu 1992, ibiganiro by’amahoro byatangiye mu buryo bufatika, nyuma biganisha ku Masezerano ya Arusha yo mu 1993.

1 Ukwakira n’ikibazo cy’impunzi.

Kimwe mu byari ku isonga mu mpamvu RPF yatangaga ni ikibazo cy’Abanyarwanda bari baramaze imyaka myinshi mu buhungiro. Human Rights Watch ivuga ko ikibazo cy’impunzi cyari ingenzi cyane mu gusobanura intangiriro y’urugamba, mu gihe RPF yanavugaga ko ishaka impinduka za politiki, demokarasi no gukemura ibibazo by’ivangura n’itotezwa.

 1 Ukwakira 1990 ntiwari umunsi w’intambara gusa; wari intangiriro y’uruhererekane rw’ibintu bya politiki, bya gisirikare n’imibereho byaje guhindura amateka y’u Rwanda.

Abari bahari niyo yari inkuru mubinyamakuru nka :

Ibyari ku nkuru z’ibinyamakuru muri iyo minsi

1. The Christian Science Monitor – 1 Ukwakira 1990
Yasohoye inkuru ivuga ko urugamba rushya rwari rutangiye mu Rwanda ku wa 1 Ukwakira, rukaba rwari rufitanye isano n’ikibazo cy’impunzi, ubutaka n’amakimbirane yari amaze igihe mu Rwanda.

2. New Vision – Uganda
Ikinyamakuru cyo muri Uganda cyakurikiranye cyane ibyabereye ku mupaka wa Uganda n’u Rwanda. Umwanditsi wacyo Justus Muhanguzi yibukije uko ku wa 1 Ukwakira yabonye amakamyo menshi ya gisirikare anyura mu mujyi wa Mbarara yerekeza ku mupaka wa Kabale–Rwanda.

3. The Guardian – 4 Ukwakira 1990
Nyuma y’iminsi mike, The Guardian yatangaje ko u Rwanda rwari rwasabye u Bubiligi ubufasha bwa gisirikare, mu gihe abarwanyi bari binjiye baturutse muri Uganda kandi imirwano yari yegereye Kigali.

4. The Washington Post – 4 Ukwakira 1990
Yatangaje ko u Rwanda rwasabye u Bubiligi ubufasha bwa gisirikare nyuma y’uko abarwanyi bambutse bava muri Uganda, ndetse hatangazwa n’ishyirwaho ry’amasaha yo gutaha mu Rwanda.

5. The Washington Post – 5 Ukwakira 1990
Yatangaje ko imirwano yari yinjiye no muri Kigali, mu gihe abasirikare b’u Bufaransa n’u Bubiligi bari batangiye kugera mu Rwanda.

6. Los Angeles Times – 7 Ukwakira 1990
Yatangaje ko imirwano yari ikomeje mu gihugu, abanyamahanga benshi batangiye kuva i Kigali, naho abasirikare b’Ababiligi n’Abafaransa bakarinda ibice by’ingenzi birimo ambasade n’ikibuga cy’indege

Igicumbi cy’amateka akomeye.

Urugamba rwatangiye mu 1990 rwakomeje mu gihe cy’imyaka hafi ine, ruvangwamo imirwano n’ibiganiro by’amahoro. Mu 1994, nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege yari itwaye Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana na Perezida Cyprien Ntaryamira wa Burundi ku wa 6 Mata, Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatangiye, maze intambara isubukurwa. Iyi Jenoside ikaba yari imaze igihe itegurwa nguko ibimenyetso byagiye bibigararagaza.

Ku wa 4 Nyakanga 1994, ingabo za RPA zafashe Kigali, ibintu byashyize iherezo ku butegetsi bwariho kandi bihagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Maj.Gen Kagame Paul yagarutse bwangu kuyobora urugamba

Bizirikaga umukanda mpaka babonye imbunda bakoresha

Maj.Gen Kagame Paul yari Afite agatazirano’’ Afande Peace ‘’

Afande Peace kuva nakera yari asobanukiwe neza uko abantu babona itsinzi -Amayere y’urugamba yari ayazi cyane-

Nyuma y’iminsi mike urugamba rutangira Maj Gen Fred Rwigema amaze kuraswa, Maj Gen Paul Kagame niwe wayoboye urugamba

Radio Muhabura -Radio kigezi – Zarakoreshejwe

Ingabo za RPA zari zimaze iminsi ziteguye guhabwa uruhushya zikabona gutangiza urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu

Iyi tariki ya 1 Ukwakira yari imaze iminsi itegerezanyijwe amatsiko n’abasore n’inkumi b’Inkotanyi, bari baramaze kubona ko inzira y’ibiganiro itagishoboka, ahasigaye ari inzira y’umuriro.

Mu mateka ya RPA n’ay’u Rwanda muri rusange, itariki 1 Ukwakira nta gisobanuro cyihariye yari ifite mbere ya 1990, nubwo FPR Inkotanyi n’ingabo zayo batapfuye kuyihitamo gusa.

Mu gitabo ‘A Thousand Hills: Rwanda’s Rebirth and the Man Who Dreamed It’ cy’umunyamakuru Stephen Kinzer, agaragaza ko gutoranya iyo tariki byari bisobanuye byinshi muri icyo gihe.

Guhera kuwa Gatandatu tariki 29 no ku Cyumweru tariki 30 Nzeri 1990, ku cyicaro gikuru cya Loni i New York muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika hari hateraniye inama mpuzamahanga yiga ku bibazo byari byugarije abana ku Isi.

Mu bakuru b’ibihugu na Guverinoma 71 bari bitabiriye, hari harimo Perezida Habyarimana na Yoweri Museveni wa Uganda. FPR Inkotanyi yari ibizi neza ko aba bakuru b’ibihugu bibiri bazaba bakiri muri Amerika kuwa Mbere tariki 1 Ukwakira 1990.

Umunyamakuru Kinzer avuga ko ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, byari bigoye kwisuganya ngo ingabo zibone amabwiriza ahagije yo kurwanya ingabo zabateye, nk’uko byakagenze Perezida ari mu gihugu.

Benshi mu ngabo za RPA zatangije urugamba, bari basanzwe ari abasirikare mu ngabo za Uganda barangajwe imbere Gen Major Gisa Fred Rwigema. Ntabwo babaga hamwe, bari bari mu bice bitandukanye bya Uganda, kandi kugira ngo igitero gikunde bagombaga kuba bari hamwe.

Rwigema wari Umugaba Mukuru Wungirije w’Ingabo za Uganda nta buryo bundi yari kubona bwo kwimura abasirikare abavana mu birindiro bimwe abajyana ahandi, adafatiranye Museveni ari hanze y’igihugu.

Ibyo nabyo Kinzer avuga ko byorohejwe n’uko tariki 9 Ukwakira, ari yo tariki Uganda yizihirizaho umunsi w’ubwigenge. Bivuze ko abasirikare bagombaga kuvanwa mu birindiro bimwe na bimwe hakiri kare, bakajya kwitegura imyiyereko yo ku munsi w’ubwigenge.

Muri ayo matariki byoroheye abagaba b’ingabo za RPA kwimuriramo n’ingabo zifite inkomoko mu Rwanda, zibasha gukusanyirizwa hamwe nta wundi Muyobozi mu ngabo za Uganda ubiciye iryera kuko byakorwaga nk’uburyo bwo kujya kwitegura umunsi w’ubwigenge.

Kinzer ati “General Fred Rwigema yamenyesheje Museveni ibyo kwimura ingabo. Kubera ko Museveni ari we wari umukuriye yari i New York, nta wundi musirikare wari gutinyuka kumubaza uburyo akusanya abasirikare ibihumbi bibiri ahantu hamwe bafite inkomoko mu Rwanda. Rwigema yabategetse kugenda bagana ku mu bice byegereye umupaka w’u Rwanda ngo bitegure urugamba.”

Guhera tariki 30 Nzeri, nibwo amakamyo yuzuye abasirikare yatangiye kwisuka mu Karere ka Ankole kari mu Majyepfo ya Uganda, mu bice byegereye umupaka w’u Rwanda.

Abasirikare baje bitwaje intwaro nyinshi ziganjemo izo bari basahuye bubiko bw’intwaro bwa Uganda.

Ahagana saa yine z’igitondo tariki 1 Ukwakira byose bimaze kujya ku murongo, nibwo itegeko ryatanzwe bambuka umupaka wa Kagitumba, bwa mbere baba bakandagiye ku butaka bw’u Rwanda bahoraga babwirwa mu nkuru.

Mu minota mike bari bamaze kwigarurira ako gace kari karinzwe n’abasirikare ba Leta mbarwa.

Iyi tariki niyo yabaye imbarutso y’urugamba rwamaze imyaka ine, rusozwa no guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi tariki 4 Nyakanga 1994 ubwo Leta yayikoraga yaneshwaga, hagatangira inzira yo kubaka u Rwanda rushya rumaze imyaka 28.

Intama y’umweru mu ifoto yashushanyaga iki ? Kuki yajyanaga nabo aho bagiye hose?

Kuki twibuka 1 Ukwakira?

Uyu munsi ukwiye kwibukwa nk’umunsi wo kwiga amateka, kumva impamvu zatumye igihugu kigera ku ntambara, gusobanukirwa ingaruka z’amacakubiri n’ubuhunzi, no kuzirikana uburemere bw’amahitamo ya politiki n’imibereho y’abaturage.

Amateka ntabwo aba ay’abatsinze gusa cyangwa ayatsinzwe gusa. Aba ay’igihugu n’abagituye. Iyo tuyiga neza, adufasha kumva aho twavuye, impamvu ibintu byabaye, n’amasomo twakura mu byabaye kugira ngo amahoro, ubumwe n’agaciro ka muntu birusheho kubahwa.

1 Ukwakira 1990 rero ni itariki ifite umwanya wihariye mu mateka y’u Rwanda: ni bwo hatangiye urugamba rwa RPF/RPA rwaje kurangira mu 1994, mu gihe igihugu cyari kimaze kunyura mu ntambara n’amahano ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 

Hari abari mu Rwanda icyo gihe bakumva urusaku rw’intambara. Hari abari mu buhungiro barebaga ibyaberaga mu gihugu cy’ababyeyi babo. Hari abasirikare bari ku rugamba, abandi bari mu miryango yabo, n’abandi bari kure y’u Rwanda ariko bakurikiranaga amakuru.

Nyuma y’imyaka 36, ikibazo cy’ingenzi si ukumenya gusa “wari uri he ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990?”

Ni no kwibaza:

“Ni iki twakwigira ku mateka kugira ngo ibyakomerekeje Abanyarwanda bitazongera?”

Amateka iyo yizwe neza, ntaba gusa ibyo kwibuka ibyabaye; aba n’isomo ryo kubaka ejo hazaza.

Iyo dusubije amaso inyuma

Uyu munsi, iyo tuvuga 1 Ukwakira 1990, ntituba tuvuga gusa umunsi ingabo zambutse umupaka.

Tuba tuvuga intangiriro y’urugendo rwahinduye amateka y’u Rwanda:

• ikibazo cy’impunzi cyahindutse ikibazo cya politiki n’umutekano;
• intambara iratangira;
• ubutegetsi bwongera ingabo n’ingamba z’umutekano;
• politiki y’amashyaka menshi irakomera;
• ibiganiro by’amahoro biratangira;
• hashyirwaho inzira ijya kuri Arusha;
• kandi amaherezo amateka y’u Rwanda agera ku bindi bintu bikomeye byabaye mu 1994.

Ni yo mpamvu 1 Ukwakira 1990 ari itariki ikwiye kwigwa, kwandikwaho no kuganirwaho mu buryo bushingiye ku mateka n’inyandiko, aho kureba uwo munsi mu ruhande rumwe gusa.

Kwibuka amateka ni ukumenya aho twavuye

Amateka y’u Rwanda ntabwo yubatswe n’umunsi umwe. Ariko hari iminsi iba nk’aho ari umuryango ufungura igice gishya cy’amateka.

“Amateka si inkuru yo kuvuga gusa; ni indorerwamo itwereka aho twavuye, ikatwigisha ibyo twakosora, kandi ikatwibutsa ko amahoro atubakwa no kwibagirwa ibyahise, ahubwo yubakwa no kubyumva no kubyigiraho.”
— Dr. Havugimana Alexis.

Soma igitabo utaba amateka ntabona itaka : Igitabo UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA kiboneka gicapye kuri Amazon unyuze hano:
https://sellercentral.amazon.com/nms/redirect/98e82759-1a8e-30da-b03d-97ecd6fa2281?nt=PRINT_LISTING&sk=BHA8IdY56n9BoLFaPNd1bWm5-xgcP2zJgEk5Dnxeqdwdhyo_EcOiXVfOw2gMApbV9-HvwpATOID5XhQ8TNzZwg&n=1&u=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1hem9uLmNvbS9kcC8yOTMxMjY2MjIx. 

UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA kiboneka no muri format électronique (soft copy) unyuze hano: https://www.amazon.it/Utaba-Amateka-Ntabona-Itaka-Afrikaans-ebook/dp/B0GTQZ4CBC?fbclid=IwVERDUARzok1leHRuA2Flb

Cyanditse na Mwalimu Hakizimana Maurice  “UTABA AMATEKA NTABONA ITAKA” Editions Scribes cyavuyemo iyi nyandiko yose.